Biblical TheologyAnswered
Did Jesus pay for all sins ‘in full,’ leaving only belief to us?
Protestants say Jesus became sin and fully paid the price, so Catholic teaching reduces Christ to ‘making a way.’ Is that biblical?
Answer
Scripture never states ‘paid in full’ as a doctrinal formula. 1 Cor 6:20 (‘bought with a price’) is metaphorical. If all sin-debt were fully paid in the strict sense, no one would go to hell. Limiting payment to the ‘elect’ contradicts texts stating Christ died for the world (1 Jn 2:2; Jn 3:16; 1 Tim 2:4). 2 Cor 5:21, per Augustine, means Christ became a sin offering, not ‘sin itself.’ Isaiah emphasizes that the Father is pleased by the Servant’s suffering, not that the Son is punished as a sinner. Catholic soteriology affirms Christ’s sufficient, objective atonement and our real participation by grace.
— Dr. Robert Sungenis