Does the Aristotelian distinction between substance and accidents still explain the Eucharist adequately?

The scholastic model remains useful for expressing that what appears as bread and wine truly becomes the Body and Blood of Christ. However, philosophy has advanced since the thirteenth century. The categories of substance and accidents were derived from Aristotle’s analysis of change, which presupposed a fixed essence beneath sensory properties. Modern physics has shown that matter is dynamic and relational. That does not invalidate the Church’s teaching but shows that Aristotelian metaphysics is not absolute. The miracle of transubstantiation transcends all physical models. The bread and wine cease to exist in their substance, yet their appearances remain by divine power. The Church may refine its philosophical explanation, but the dogma itself is immutable. Faith confesses that Christ is wholly present under each species, whether philosophy calls it substance, essence, or reality.