Is the Bohr model of the atom wrong, and are subatomic particles waves rather than particles?

To be honest, we do not know what they are; we have theories. We know it cannot be pure energy; it has to be some particulate matter, but how that matter is arranged, designed, and holds itself together is more complicated than the Bohr model. Whatever the electron is, it has a charge, so it cannot be pure energy; it is an entity that moves, and it is not a light beam. It is the same problem they have figuring out what light is: is it particulate or waves? It has properties of both. Once you think you have got it down, that it is a wave, somebody comes up with evidence that it acts like a particle, so they call it a wavicle. They have no idea. So I do not think Gideon should say these are waves, because he does not really know; we know they are somewhere between a particle and a wave, but we do not know how to describe it, same with light. We do know the Bohr model is somewhat simple, and yet you still have valence numbers for atoms, which determine how they combine with another element. Water, H2O: the outer orbit of oxygen has a valence so it can take in two more electrons, and hydrogen has one electron, so to make it most stable you put two electrons in the outer orbit of the oxygen atom and you get water. So the Bohr model works that way, and that is why it is still used, even in organic chemistry. But then you get to the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, which is still with us: you cannot measure the momentum and the position of the electron at the same time, so you never know where the electron will be in the atom. That makes people think the electron is not something that goes around in an orbit like a planet around the sun; since we cannot break through the uncertainty principle to know its momentum and position, we do not really know where it is from moment to moment. That is what makes scientists think of it as an electron cloud, the best they can describe it, and a cloud is like fog, with no direction and no solid place. That is where science is; we have not advanced beyond that, because of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle.