Difficult Bible PassagesAnswered

Is there a change in the promise of descendants between 'numerous as the stars' in Genesis and 'numerous as sheep' in Ezekiel 36:37?

A viewer asks whether there is a change in the number or the promise of descendants, since Genesis promises offspring as numerous as the stars, while Ezekiel 36:37 speaks of people as numerous as sheep.

Answer

Ezekiel 36:37 defines its own metaphor: it says as numerous as sheep, meaning as numerous as the flocks brought for offerings at Jerusalem during the appointed feasts. That passage is about a small nation, Israel, being brought back together after its punishments for sin. The Genesis promise is bigger. In Genesis 12:3 Abraham is told he will become the father of many nations, and 'nations' there can be translated Gentiles; that is a much larger group than the one nation of Israel in Ezekiel. God then uses the phrase 'as many as the stars of heaven and the sand of the seashore,' and that has two senses. Applied physically, as in Deuteronomy 10:22, it describes Israel growing from a tiny group into millions; only two adults who left Egypt entered Canaan, the rest were the younger generation, yet by Elijah's day there were perhaps ten or fifteen million Israelites. Applied more broadly, the stars and the sand simply mean a lot more than you are used to counting. In Israel's day the known inhabited world was mostly Europe and the Middle East, and with the naked eye you can see maybe a few hundred stars, though a telescope shows thousands. So these are metaphors meant to give you a sense of a great multitude, not an exact figure, and that is what metaphors are for.

Dr. Robert Sungenis

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